Artemis Ghoubadi; Mohammad Reza Shamshiri; Zohreh Saadatmand
Abstract
Enlightenment, in Kant's philosophical system, focuses on the future in which, man can attain his essence, that is to say, his freedom and the maximum efflorescence of talents; the ...
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Enlightenment, in Kant's philosophical system, focuses on the future in which, man can attain his essence, that is to say, his freedom and the maximum efflorescence of talents; the same talents nature or divine providence has given him. Under this perspective, the direction of reason throughout history has been focused on the growth of man toward the will of nature; a desire the nature through the same channel achieves which is culture and civilization of human societies. In this ultimate idea, the entire history is the history of man's step-by-step movement toward freedom, rationality, and morality in the form of a socio-civil system in which, man demonstrates his nature with civil participation, control of war, and the growth of education and culture hence, the idea of unity is embodied. This article tries to show how Kant uses Rousseau's main idea based on the need to change man’s secondary nature in accordance with nature’s will in both legal-civil system and education system, and reviews Rousseau's revolutionary plan in the framework of his theory of intellect.
